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Nayaks of Kandy
The Nayaks of Kandy (a.k.a. Kandy Nayak Dynasty) were the rulers of Sri Lanka with Kandy as their capital from 1739 to 1815. They were also the last dynasty to rule Sri Lanka. They were related to the Madurai Nayak dynasty〔Enemy lines: childhood, warfare, and play in Batticaloa, By Margaret Trawick, p.40-41.〕 and to the Tanjore Nayak dynasty.〔University of Ceylon review, Volumes 14–16, p.129.〕 There were four kings of this lineage and the last king, Vikrama Rajasinha, was captured by the British and exiled to Vellore Fort in India〔The Nayaks of Sri Lanka, 1739–1815: political relations with the British in South India, by Subramanian Gopalakrishnan, p.11-15.〕
Much earlier to the establishment of the Kandy Nayak dynasty, it was not unknown for the Sinhalese to take wives from ruling clans across Southern India.〔Enemy lines: childhood, warfare, and play in Batticaloa, By Margaret Trawick, p.40.〕 The first to do so was King Vijaya who procured his royal consort from the city of Madurai.〔 Later kings followed suit.
Because the Kandy Kamma kings received military support from the Nayaks of Madurai and the Tanjore Nayak dynasty[Hindus. They later converted to Buddhism and were responsible for renaissance of Buddhist culture in the Island.]
==Origins==
The Nayaks of South India started off as governors of Vijayanagara Empire ruling parts of Tamil Nadu during the 14th and 15th centuries. After the Vijayanagara Empire collapsed in the mid-16th century some of these governors declared independence and established their own kingdoms in Gingee, Tanjore, Madurai and Chandragiri. They were Telugu speaking community. According to a Telugu work called Sinhaladvipa Katha, the Nayak king Kumara Krishnappa, who reigned at Madura (1562–1572), is said to have conquered Kandy. Kumara Krishnappa killed the then reigning Kandy king, sent the late king's wife and children to Anuradhapura and placed his own brother-in-law Vijaya Gopala Naidu as his viceroy in Kandy.〔Ancient Jaffna: being a research into the history of Jaffna from very early times to the Portug()ese period, by C. Rasanayagam, p.385.〕
There was a continuous interaction between the Madurai, Tanjore and Ceylonese kingdoms. As with Kandy, military assistance and interaction also existed with the Jaffna Kingdom. When the Jaffna ruler Sankili II wanted to suppress a revolt by the growing Christian minority in Jaffna led by two Christian Mudaliyars, Dom Pedro and Dom Luis in 1618, he requested the support of the Tanjore king, Raghunatha Nayaka. Raghunatha Nayaka thence sent 5000 troops under the leadership of Varuna Kullatan.〔Sri Lanka and the Maldive Islands, By Chandra Richard De Silva, p.111, p.137.〕 However, later attempts by Raghunatha Nayak to recover the Jaffna kingdom from the Portuguese for his proteage, the prince of Rameshwaram, met with failure.〔Nayaks of Tanjore, By V. Vriddhagirisan, pp.79–92.〕 Raghunatha Nayak had made a number of attempts to recover the Jaffna Kingdom for the Prince of Rameshwaram with the help of Moors, Vadugas/Badagas and Maravas and the renegade King of Kandy, Dom Joas Wimaladharma.〔Nayaks of Tanjore, By V. Vriddhagirisan, p.79.〕 The former princesses of Jaffna had been married to the Kandy King Senarat's stepsons, Kumarasingha and Vijayapala.〔An historical relation of the island Ceylon, Volume 1, by Robert Knox and JHO Paulusz, p.43.〕 However, all their attempts to recover the Jaffna Kingdom from the Portuguese met with failure.
Earlier, during the reign of Achyutappa Nayaka of Tanjore, a Prince of Jaffna, Cankili II (Sankili Kumara) had murdered the regent Arasakesari and had been dispossessed of his kingdom by the Portuguese. The Jaffna King then went to the Tanjore court with his family and attendants and begged the assistance of the Tanjore King in regaining his kingdom. With troops under Kheen Naick of Tanjore, Sankili II went back to Jaffna and defeated the Portuguese. Soon later however the Portuguese dethroned him and repossessed Jaffna.〔
Ancient Jaffna: being a research into the history of Jaffna from very early times to the Portug()ese period, p.386-387 ()〕 Thus it is seen that the Nayaks were linked with Ceylonese history, and with the Kandy and Jaffna kingdoms, prior to the formation of the Kandy Nayak line.
The last king of the Kandy Mahanuwara dynasty, Narendra Sinha, died in 1739 without an offspring from his queen. His queen was a Madurai Nayak princess. Narendra Sinha's had nominated a brother of his Madura queen to succeed him;〔Census of Ceylon, 1946, Volume 1, Part 1, p.20〕 and he was coronated under the assumed title of Sri Vijaya Raja Sinha.〔 Thus, Sri Vijaya Rajasinha succeeded the throne and established the Kandy Nayak line.
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